The History of Laparoscopy
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1911 - H.C. Jacobaeus, from Stockolm, used for the first time the term "laparothorakoskopie". Using this procedure on the thorax and abdomen. He also suggested employing similar technique to examine body cavities endoscopically. Unlike Kelling he introduced the trocars directly without employing a pneumoperitoneum.
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1911 - Bertram M. Bernheim, from Johns Hopkins Hospital introduced laparoscopic surgery to the United States. He named the procedure "organoscopy". The instrument was a proctoscope of a half inch diameter and ordinary light for illumination.
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1918 - O. Goetze, developed an automatic pneumoperitoneum needle characterized for its safe introduction to the peritoneal cavity..
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